UPVC 45° Elbow Pipe Fitting Mold: Design and Manufacturing Overview A UPVC 45° elbow pipe fitting mold is a precision tool used to manufacture 45-degree angled connectors for UPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride) piping systems. These fittings are essential for redirecting fluid flow in plumbing, irrigation, and industrial applications. The mold must ensure high dimensional accuracy, smooth internal surfaces, and consistent wall thickness to meet industry standards for pressure resistance and leak-proof performance. Key Features of the Mold 1. Material Selection The mold is typically made from high-grade tool steel (e.g., P20, H13) or hardened stainless steel to withstand high injection pressures (800–1,500 bar) and resist wear from abrasive UPVC material. Critical components like cavities, cores, and sliders are often chrome-plated or nitrided to enhance durability and corrosion resistance. 2. Design Considerations - Parting Line: The mold splits into two or more halves (fixed and moving plates) to facilitate demolding. The parting line is strategically placed to minimize flash and ensure smooth ejection. - Cooling System: Efficient cooling channels are integrated to maintain uniform temperature distribution, reducing cycle time (typically 20–40 seconds) and preventing warping. - Ejection Mechanism: Ejector pins or sleeves are designed to push the fitting out without deformation, especially critical for the elbow’s curved geometry. 3. Core and Cavity The mold features a negative impression of the 45° elbow, including precise angles (±0.1° tolerance) and socket dimensions to ensure compatibility with standard pipe sizes (e.g., ½" to 12"). The cavity surface is polished to a mirror finish (Ra ≤ 0.05 µm) to achieve smooth flow paths and prevent material buildup. 4. Venting Micro-venting slots or porous inserts are incorporated to release trapped air during injection, avoiding burn marks or voids in the final product. Manufacturing Process 1. Injection Molding: UPVC granules are melted (170–210°C) and injected into the mold under high pressure. 2. Cooling and Solidification: The cooling system ensures even hardening. 3. Demolding: The mold opens, and ejectors release the fitting, which may undergo post-processing (deburring, threading). Quality Assurance Molds are tested for dimensional accuracy (ISO 4435/EN 1452 standards), pressure ratings (PN6-PN16), and hydrostatic strength. Advanced CNC machining and EDM (electrical discharge machining) ensure tight tolerances (±0.02 mm). Applications The produced 45° elbows are used in: - Potable water systems - Chemical drainage - HVAC and compressed air lines Conclusion A well-designed UPVC 45° elbow mold balances precision, durability, and efficiency to produce reliable fittings. Its engineering focuses on material resilience, thermal management, and ease of production, ensuring long service life and consistent output.